In the mid-1990s, it was clearly recognized by Adrian Bejan (J.A. Jones Distinguished Professor at Duke University) that there is a connection between configuration and dynamics, in describing the evolution of the systems in space and in time. Configuration-generating phenomenon of "design" can be understood by considering the flow (that carries fluid, heat, mass, information), the physical mechanisms that are relevant and actively involved, and where the stream is located in the available space. According to him, the generation of flow configuration can be reasoned based on an evolutionary principle of increase of flow access in time. The Constructal* Law was stated by Adrian Bejan in 1996 as follows “for a finite-size flow system to persist in time (to live/to survive), its configuration must evolve in such a way that it provides an easier access to the imposed (global) currents that flow through it.”
The system shape and internal flow architecture do not develop by chance, but result from the permanent struggle for better performance and therefore must evolve in time. The constructal law can be applied for any dissipative systems, whether they are living or non-living, and constitutes a major step toward making system design a science.
* Constructal is a word proposed by Bejan, coming from the latin verb construere (to construct), to designate, in the constructal theory's point of view, the optimised forms of natural and engineered flow systems.
Books
A. Bejan (1997,2006) Advanced Engineering Thermodynamics, 2nd and 3rd ed. (Wiley, Hoboken)
A. Bejan (2000) Shape and Structure, from Engineering to Nature (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge)
A. Bejan, I. Dincer, S. Lorente, A. F. Miguel, A. H. Reis (2004) Porous and Complex Flow Structures in Modern Technologie (Springer, New York)
R. N. Rosa, A. H. Reis, A. F. Miguel, editors (2004) Bejan’s Constructal Theory of Shape and Structure (CGE, Evora)
A. Bejan, S. Lorente (2005) La Loi Constructale (L´Harmattan, Paris)
A. Bejan, S. Lorente, A. F. Miguel, A. H. Reis (2006) Along with Constructal Theory (UNIL/FGSE – Workshop series nº 1, Hernandez & Cosinschi editors)
A. Bejan, G. W. Merkx, editors (2007) Constructal Theory of Social Dynamics (Springer, New York)
A. Bejan, S. Lorente (2008) Design with Constructal Theory (Wiley, Hoboken)
A. Bejan, S. Lorente, A. F. Miguel, A. H. Reis, editors (2009) Constructal Human Dynamics, Security and Sustainability (IOS Press, Amsterdam)
Adrian Bejan, J. Peder Zane (2012) Design in Nature: How the Constructal Law Governs Evolution in Biology, Physics, Technology, and Social Organization (Doubleday, New York)
Papers (not all)
A. Bejan, "Street Network Theory of Organization in Nature". Journal of Advanced Transportation 30, 1996, 85-107
A. Bejan, "Theory of Organization in Nature: Pulsating Physiological Processes," International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 40, 1997, 2097-2104
A. Bejan, "How Nature Takes Shape," Mechanical Engineering 119, 1997, 90-92.
A. Bejan, "Constructal Tree Network for Fluid Flow between a Finite-Size Volume and One Source or Sink," Revue General de Thermique 36, 1997, 592-604.
A. Bejan, "Fundamental Optima in Thermal Science," The International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education 25, 1997, 33-48.
A. Bejan, "The Constructal Law of Structure Formation in Natural Systems with Internal Flows," ASME AES 37, 1997, 257-264.
J. V. C. Vargas and A. Bejan, "Optimization of Pulsating Heating in Pool Boiling," Journal of Heat Transfer 119, 1997, 298-304.
G. A. Ledezma, A. Bejan and M. R. Errera, "Constructal Tree Networks for Heat Transfer," Journal of Applied Physics 82, 1997, 89-100.
G. A. Ledezma and A. Bejan, "Optimal Geometric Arrangement of Staggered Vertical Plates in Natural Convection," Journal of Heat Transfer 119, 1997, 700-708.
A. Bejan and M. R. Errera, "Deterministic Tree Networks for Fluid Flow: Geometry for Minimal Flow Resistance between a Volume and One Point," Fractal 5, 1997, 685-695.
A. Bejan and D. Tondeur, "Equipartition, Optimal Allocation, and the Constructal Approach to Predicting Organization in Nature, "Revue General de Thermique 37, 1998, 165-180.
A. Bejan, Y. Ikegami and G. A. Ledezma, "Constructal Theory of Natural Crack Pattern Formation for Fastest Cooling," International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. 41, 1998, 1945-1954.
R. A. Nelson, Jr. and A. Bejan, "Constructal Optimization of Internal Flow Geometry in Convection," Journal of Heat Transfer 120, 1998, 357-364
A. Bejan and G. A. Ledezma, "Streets Tree Networks and Urban Growth: Optimal Geometry for Quickest Access Between a Finite-Size Volume and One Point," Physica A 255, 1998, 211-217.
A. Bejan, "Questions in Fluid Mechanics: Natural Tree-Shaped Flows," Journal of Fluids Engineering 120, 1998, 429-430.
N. Dan and A. Bejan, "Constructal Tree Networks for the Time-Dependent Discharge of a Finite-Size Volume to One Point," Journal of Applied Physics 84, 1998, 3042-3050.
M. R. Errera and A. Bejan, "Deterministic Tree Networks for River Drainage Basins," Fractals 6, 1998, 245-261.
A. Bejan, "Constructal Theory: From Thermodynamic and Geometric Optimization to Predicting Shape in Nature, "Energy Conversion and Management 39, 1998, 1705-1718.
G. A. Ledezma and A. Bejan, "Constructal Three-Dimensional Trees for Conduction between a Volume and One Point," Journal of Heat Transfer 120, November 1998, 977-984.
A. Bejan,”Constructal Theory: Natural Flow Structure as the Result of Thermodynamic Optimization” Thermal Science & Engineering 7, 1999, 1-10.
A. Bejan and N. Dan, “Constructal Routes to Minimal Heat Flow Resistance via Greater Internal Complexity” Journal of Heat Transfer 121, 1999, 6-14.
A. Alebrahim and A. Bejan “Constructal Trees of Circular Fins for Conductive and Convective Heat Transfer” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 42, 1999, 3585-3597.
M. Neagu and A. Bejan, “Constructal-Theory Tree Networks” Journal of Applied Physics 86, 1999, 1136-1144.
A. Bejan, “How Nature Takes Shape: Extensions of Constructal Theory to Ducts, Rivers, Turbulence, Cracks, Dendritic Crystals and Spatial Economics “ International Journal of Thermal Sciences (Revue General de Thermique) 38, 1999, 653-663.
A. Bejan and M. Almogbel, “Constructal T-Shaped Fins” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 43, 2000, 2101-2115.
A. Bejan, V. Badescu and A. De Vos, “Constructal Theory of Economics Structure Generation in Space and Time” Energy Conversion and Management 41, 2000, 1429-1451.
A. Bejan, V. Badescu and A. De Vos, “Constructal Theory of Economics” Applied Energy. 67, 2000, 37-60.
A. Bejan, “From Heat Transfer Principles to Shape and Structure in Nature: Constructal Theory” Journal of Heat Transfer 122, 2000, 430-449.
A. Bejan, L. A. O. Rocha and S. Lorente, “Thermodynamic Optimization of Geometry: T- and Y- Shaped Constructs of Fluid Streams” International Journal of Thermal Sciences (Revue General de Thermique) 39, 2000, 949-960.
A. Bejan, “The Tree of Convective Heat Streams: Its Thermal Insulation Function and the Predicted 3/4-Power Relation between Body Heat Loss and Body Size” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 44, 2001, 699-704.
L. A. O. Rocha and A. Bejan, "Geometric Optimization of Periodic Flow and Heat Transfer in a Volume Cooled by Parallel Tubes," Journal of Heat Transfer. 123, 2001, 233-239.
W. Wechsatol, S. Lorente and A. Bejan, "Tree-Shaped Insulated Designs for the Uniform Distribution of Hot Water over an Area," International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 44, 2001, 3111-3123.
M. Almogbel and A. Bejan, "Constructal Optimization of Nonuniformly Distributed Tree-Shaped Flow Structures for Conduction," International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 44, 2001, 4185-4195.
A. Bejan, “Constructal Theory: From Engineering Design to Predicting Shape and Structure in Nature” Engenharia Termica 1, 2001, 27-31.
M. Neagu and A. Bejan, "Constructal Placement of High-Conductivity Inserts in a Slab: Optimal Design of Roughness", Journal of Heat Transfer 123, 2001, 1184-1189.
A. Bejan and S. Lorente, “Thermodynamic Optimization of Flow Geometry in Mechanical and Civil Engineering” Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics 26, 2001, 305-354.
A. Bejan, “Constructal Design: Optimal Flow-System Geometry Deduced from Thermodynamic Optimization and Constraint”, Termotehnica 6, 2001, 4-9.
A. Bejan, “Constructal Theory: An Engineering View on the Generation of Geometric Form in Living (Flow) Systems” Comments on Theoretical Biology 6, 2001, 279-302.
W. Wechsatol, S. Lorente and A. Bejan, "Development of Tree-Shaped Flows by Adding New Users to Existing Networks of Hot Water Pipes," International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfe 45, 2002, 723-733.
L. A. O. Rocha, S. Lorente and A. Bejan, “Constructal Design for Cooling a Disc-Shaped Area by Conduction”, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 45, 2002, 1643-1652.
S. Lorente, W. Wechsatol and A. Bejan, “Tree-Shaped Flow Structures Designed by Minimizing Path Lengths” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. 45, 2002, 3299-3312.
S. Lorente and A. Bejan, “Combined Flow and Strength Geometric Optimization: Internal Structure in a Vertical Insulating Wall with Air Cavities and Prescribed Strength” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 45, 2002, 3313-3320.
A. Bejan, “Dendritic Constructal Heat Exchanger with Small-Scale Crossflows and Larger-Scales Counterflows” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 45, 2002, 4607-4620.
W. Wechsatol, S. Lorente and A. Bejan, “Optimal Tree-Shaped Networks for Fluid Flow in a Disc-Shaped Body” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 45, 2002, 4911-4924.
S. Lorente, W. Wechsatol and A. Bejan, “Fundamentals of Tree-Shaped Networks of Insulated Pipes for Hot Water and Exergy”, Exergy, an International Journal 2, 2002, 227-236.
V. Arion, A. Cojocari and A. Bejan, “Constructal Tree Shaped Networks for the Distribution of Electric Power”, Energy Conversion and Management 44, 2003, 867-891.
A. Bejan, “Constructal Theory: Tree-Shaped Flows and Energy Systems for Aircraft”, Journal of Aircraft 40, 2003, 43-48.
A. Bejan, “Constructal Tree-Shaped Paths for Conduction and Convection”, International Journal of Energy Research. 27, 2003, 283-299.
J.. C. Ordonez and A. Bejan, “System-Level Optimization of the Sizes of Organs for Heat and Fluid Flow Systems” International Journal of Thermal Sciences 42, 2003, 335-342.
C. Zamfirescu and A. Bejan, “Constructal Tree-Shaped Two-Phase Flow for Cooling a Surface”, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 46, No. 15, July 2003, 2785-2797.
A. Bejan, “Optimal Internal Structure of Volumes Cooled by Single-Phase Forced and Natural Convection” Journal of Electronic Packaging. 125, 2003, 200-207.
S. Lorente, W. Wechsatol and A. Bejan, “Optimization of Tree-Shaped Flow Distribution Structures over a Disc-Shaped Area”, International Journal of Energy Research 27, 2003, 715-723.
J. C. Ordonez and A. Bejan, “Minimum Power Requirement for Environmental Control of Aircraft”, Energy 28, 2003, 1183-1202.
A. Bejan, “Flows in Environmental Fluids and Porous Media”, International Journal of Energy Research, Vol. 27, 2003, 825-846.
W. Wechsatol, S. Lorente and A. Bejan, “Dendritic Convection on a Disc”, International Journal of Heat and Ma ss Transfer, Vol. 46, 2003, 4381-4391.
A. Bejan, “Simple Methods for Convection in Porous Media: Scale Analysis and the Intersection of Asymptotes”, International Journal of Energy Research, Vol. 27, 2003, 859-874.
S. Lorente, W. Wechsatol and A. Bejan, Tree-Shaped Networks for the Distribution of Hot Water, R & D Journal, Vol. 19, 2003, 12-15.
J. C. Ordonez, A. Bejan and R. S. Cherry, “Designed Porous Media: Optimally Nonuniform Flow Structures Connecting One Point with More Points”, International Journal of Thermal Sciences, Vol. 42, 2003, 857-870.
A. Rivera-Alvarez and A. Bejan, “Constructal Geometry and Operation of Adsorption Processes”, International Journal of Thermal Sciences, Vol. 42, 2003, 983-994.
J. Bonjour, L.A.O. Rocha, A. Bejan and F. Meunier, “Dendritic Fins Optimization for a Coaxial Two-Stream Heat Exchanger”, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 47, 2004, 111-124.
A. K. da Silva, S. Lorente and A. Bejan, “Optimal Distribution of Discrete Heat Sources on a Wall with Natural Convection”, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 47, 2004, 203-214.
R. S. Matos, J. V. C. Vargas, T. A. Laursen and A. Bejan, “Optimally Staggered Finned Circular and Elliptic Tubes in Forced Convection”, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 47, 2004, 1347-1359.
A. K. da Silva, S. Lorente and A. Bejan, “Optimal Distribution of Discrete Heat Sources on a Plate with Laminar Forced Convection”, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 47, 2004, 2139-2148.
S. Lorente, W. Wechsatol and A. Bejan, “Tree-Shaped Flow Structures for Human-Scale and Small-Scales Applications”, International Journal of Heat & Technology, Vol. 22, 2004, 15-26.
A. Bejan and S. Lorente, “Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium Flow System Architectures”, International Journal of Heat & Technology, Vol. 22, 2004, 85-92.
L. Gosselin and A. Bejan, “Constructal Thermal Optimization of an Electromagnet”, International Journal of Thermal Sciences, Vol. 43, 2004, 331-338.
A. Bejan, “Designed Porous Media: Maximal Heat Transfer Density at Decreasing Length Scales”, International Journal of Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 47, 2004, 3073-3083.
A. Bejan and S. Lorente, “The Constructal Law and the Thermodynamics of Flow Systems with Configuration” International Journal of Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 47, 2004, 3203-3214.
L. Gosselin, A. Bejan and S. Lorente, “Combined Heat Flow and Strength Optimization of Geometry: Mechanical Structures Most Resistant to Thermal Attack”, International Journal of Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 47, 2004, 3477-3489.
W. Wechsatol, S. Lorente and A. Bejan, “Tree-Shaped Flow Structures: Are Both Thermal-Resistance and Flow-Resistance Minimisations Necessary?”, International Journal of Exergy, Vol. 1, 2004, 2-17.
J. V. C. Vargas, J. Ordonez and A. Bejan, Constructal flow structure for a PEM fuel cell, International Journal of Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 47, 2004, 4177-4193.
A. K. da Silva, S. Lorente and A. Bejan, “Constructal Multi-Scale Tree-Shaped Heat Exchangers”, Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 96, 2004, 1709-1718.
A. K. da Silva, A. Bejan and S. Lorente, Maximal Heat Transfer Density in Vertical Morphing Channels with Natural Convection, Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A, Vol. 45, 2004, 135-152.
T. Bello-Ochende and A. Bejan, Maximal Heat Transfer Density: Plates with Multiple Lengths in Forced Convection, International Journal of Thermal Sciences, Vol. 43, 2004, 1181-1186.
L. Gosselin and A. Bejan, Constructal Heat Trees at Micro and Nanoscales, Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 96, 2004, 5852-5859.
T. Bello-Ochende and A. Bejan, Optimal Spacings for Mixed Convection, Journal of Heat Transfer, Vol. 126, 2004, 956-962.
M. Favre-Marinet, S. Le Person and A. Bejan, Maximum heat transfer rate density in two-dimensional minichannels and microchannels, Microscale Thermophysical Engineering, Vol. 8, 2004, 225-237.
A. H. Reis, A. F. Miguel , M. Aydin, Constructal theory of flow architecture of the lungs, Journal of Medical Physics, Volume 31, 1135-1140.
A. K. da Silva and A. Bejan, Constructal Multi-Scale Structure for Maximal Heat Transfer Density in Natural Convection, International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, Vol. 26, No. 1, 2005, 34-44.
W. Wechsatol, S. Lorente and A. Bejan, Tree-Shaped Networks with Loops, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 48, 2005, 573-583.
C. Zamfirescu and A. Bejan,Tree-Shaped Structures for Cold Storage, International Journal of Refrigeration, Vol. 28, 2005, 231-241.
A. Bejan and A. H. Reis,Thermodynamic Optimization of Global Circulation and Climate, International Journal of Energy Research, Vol. 29, 2005, 303-316.
A. Bejan, The Constructal Law of Organization in Nature: Tree-Shaped Flows and Body Size, Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol. 208, 2005, 1677-1686.
A. K. da Silva, S. Lorente and A. Bejan, Constructal multi-scale structures with asymmetric heat sources of finite thickness, Int. J. Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 48, 2005, 2662-2672.
A. Bejan, Constructal theory: the generation of flow-system architecture, from engineering to nature, Ingenieria Mecanica Tecnologia y Desarrollo, Vol. 1, 2005, 195-201.
A. Bejan and S. Lorente, Constructal multi-scale and multi-objective structures, International Journal of Energy Research, Vol. 29, 2005, 689-710.
J. V. C. Vargas, J. C. Ordonez and A. Bejan, Constructal PEM fuel cell stack design, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 48, 2005, 4410-4427.
A. Bejan and S. Lorente, Constructal theory of energy-system and environment flow configurations, International Journal of Exergy, Vol. 2, 2005, 335-347.
T. Bello-Ochende and A. Bejan, Constructal multi-scale cylinders with natural convection, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 48, 2005, 4300-4306.
A. M. Morega and A. Bejan, A constructal approach to the optimal design of photovoltaic cells, International Journal of Green Energy, Vol. 2, 2005, 233-242.
W. Wechsatol, A. Bejan and S. Lorente, Tree-shaped flow architectures: strategies for increasing optimization speed and accuracy, Numerical Heat Transfer, Vol. 48, 2005, 731-744.
L. Gosselin and A. Bejan, Emergence of asymmetry in constructal tree flow networks, Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 98, 2005, 104903.
J. V. C. Vargas, J. C. Ordonez, C. Zamfirescu, M. C. Campos and A. Bejan, Optimal ground tube length for cooling of electronics shelters, Heat Transfer Engineering, Vol. 26, 2005, 8-20.
S. Lorente and A. Bejan, Svelteness, freedom to morph, and constructal multi-scale flow structures, International Journal of Thermal Sciences, Vol. 44, 2005, 1123-1130.
A. Bejan and S. Lorente, Constructal design and thermodynamic optimization, Annual Review of Heat Transfer, Vol. 14, 2005, 511-527.
J. Bonjour and A. Bejan, Optimal distribution of cooling during gas compression, Energy, Vol. 31, 2006, 409-424.
A. K. da Silva, S. Lorente and A. Bejan, Constructal multi-scale structures for maximal heat transfer density, Energy, Vol. 31, 2006, 620-635.
A. H. Reis, 2006, “Constructal Theory: From Engineering to Physics, and How Flow Systems Develop Shape and Structure”, Applied Mechanics Reviews, Vol.59, 269-282
A. Bejan and J. H. Marden, Unifying constructal theory for scale effects in running, swimming and flying, Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol. 209, 2006, 238-248.
A. Bejan and S. Lorente, Design with constructal theory, International Journal of Engineering Education, Vol. 22, 2006, 140-147.
A. H. Reis and A. Bejan, Constructal theory of global circulation and climate, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 49, 2006, 1857-1875.
A. H. Reis, A. F. Miguel and A. Bejan, Constructal theory of particle agglomeration and design of air-cleaning devices, Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 39, 2006, 2311-2318.
A. Bejan and D. Gobin, Constructal theory of droplet impact geometry, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 49, 2006, 2412-2419.
L. A. O. Rocha, S. Lorente and A. Bejan, Conduction tree networks with loops for cooling a heat generating volume, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 49, 2006, 2626-2635.
A. Bejan and J. H. Marden, Constructing animal locomotion from new thermodynamics theory, American Scientist, Vol. 94, 2006, 342-349.
W. Wechsatol, S. Lorente and A. Bejan, Tree-shaped flow structures with local junction losses, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 49, 2006, 2957-2964.
A. Bejan, S. Lorente and K.-M. Wang, Networks of channels for self-healing composite materials, Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 100, 2006, 033528.
K.-M. Wang, S. Lorente and A. Bejan, Vascularized networks with two optimized channels sizes, Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 39, 2006, 3086-3096.
A. Bejan and J. H. Marden, Locomotion: une meme loi pour tous, Pour la Science, No. 346, 2006.
A.H. Reis, Constructal view of scaling laws of river basins, Geomorphology, Vol. 78, 2006, 201-206
A. Bejan and S. Lorente, Constructal theory of generation of configuration in nature and engineering, Applied Physics Reviews, Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 100, 2006, 041301
X. Tang, W. Dai, R. Nassar and A. Bejan, Optimal temperature distribution in a tree-dimensional triple-layered skin structure embedded with artery and vein vasculature, Numerical Heat Transfer, Vol. 50, 2006, 809-834.
A. I. Ciobanas, A. Bejan and Y. Fautrelle, Dendritic solidification morphology viewed from the perspective of constructal theory, Journal of Physics D, Vol. 39, 2006, 5252-5266.
A. H. Reis and A. F. Miguel, Constructal theory and flow architectures in living systems. Thermal Science. Vol. 10, 2006, 57-64
S. Lorente and A. Bejan, Heterogeneous porous media as multiscale structures for maximum flow access, Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 100, 2006, 114909.
A. F. Miguel, Constructal pattern formation in stony corals, bacterial colonies and plant roots under different hydrodynamics conditions, Journal of Theoretical Biology 242, 2006, 954-961
S. Kim, S. Lorente and A. Bejan, Vascularized materials: tree-shaped flow architectures matched canopy to canopy, Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 100, 2006, 063525.
A. Bejan, Constructal theory of pattern formation, Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, Vol. 11, 2007, 753-768.
A. Bejan and S. Lorente, Constructal theory and its relevance to green energy, International Journal of Green Energy, Vol. 4, 2007, 105-117.
H. Wang, W. Dai and A. Bejan, Optimal temperature distribution in a 3D triple-layered skin structure embedded with artery and vein vasculature and induced by electromagnetic radiation, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 50, 2007, 1843-1854.
A. Bejan and S. Lorente, Constructal tree-shaped flow structures, Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 27, 2007, 755-761.
S. Lorente, Constructal view of electrokinetic transfer through porous media. J. Physics D, Vol. 40, 2007, 2941-2947
S. Kim, S. Lorente and A. Bejan, Vascularized materials with heating from one side and coolant forced from the other side. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 50, 2007, 3498-3506
D. Q. Conde, J. Bonjour, W. Wechsatol and A. Bejan Parabolic scaling of tree-shaped constructal network. Physica A 384, 2007, 719-724
A. Bejan, Why university rankings do not change: education as a natural hierarchical flow architecture. International Journal of Design & Nature 2, 2007, 319–327, 2007
A. H. Reis, Constructal view of the scaling laws of street networks—the dynamics behind geometry. Physica A 387, 2008, 617–622
A. F. Miguel, Constructal design of solar energy based systems for buildings. Energy and Buildings 40, 2008, 1020-1030
A. Bejan, S. Lorente, J. Lee, Unifying constructal theory of tree roots, canopies and forests. Journal of Theoretical Biology 254, 2008, 529-540
V. A. P. Raja, T. Basak, S. K. Das, Thermal performance of a multi-block heat exchanger designed on the basis of Bejan’s constructal theory. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 51, 2008, 3582-3594
A. H. Reis, Constructal view of the scaling laws of street networks — the dynamics behind geometry. Physica A 387, 2008, 617-622
S. Kim, S. Lorente, A. Bejan,W. Miller, J. Morse, The emergence of vascular design in three dimensions. Journal of Applied Phyiscs 103, 2008, 1
A. Bejan, Constructal self-organization of research: empire building versus the individual investigator. Int. J. of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics 3, 2008, 1–13
S. Kim, S. Lorente, A. Bejan, Dendritic vascularization for countering intense heating from the side. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 51, 2008, 5877-5886
P. Xu, B. Yu, S. Qiu, J. Cai, An analysis of the radial flow in the heterogeneous porous media based on fractal and constructal tree networks. Physica A 387, 2008, 6471-6483
R. Revellin, J. R. Thome, A.Bejan, J. Bonjour, Constructal tree-shaped microchannel networks for maximizing the saturated critical heat flux. International Journal of Thermal Sciences 48, 2009, 342-352
G. Lorenzini, L. A. O. Rocha, Constructal design of T–Y assembly of fins for an optimized heat removal. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 52, 2009, 1458-1463
K.-M. Wang, S. Lorente, A. Bejan, Vascular materials cooled with grids and radial channels. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 52, 2009, 1230-1239
A. Bejan, Science and technology as evolving flow architectures. International Journal Energy Research 33, 2009, 112-125
S. Lorente, Vascularized Materials as Designed Porous Media. International Journal of Exergy 33, 2009, 211-220
D. Tondeur, Y. Fan, L. Luo Constructal optimization of arborescent structures with flow singularities. Chemical Engineering Science 64, 2009, 3968-3982
F. Wu, L. Chen, A. Shu, X. Kan, K. Wu, Z. Yang. Constructal design of stack filled with parallel plates in standing-wave thermo-acoustic cooler. Cryogenics 49, 2009, 107-111
L.A.O. Rocha, S. Lorente, A. Bejan Tree-shaped vascular wall designs for localized intense cooling International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 52, 2009, 4535-4544
S. Kim, S. Lorente, A. Bejan Transient behavior of vascularized walls exposed to sudden heating. International Journal of Thermal Sciences 48, 2009, 2046-2052
R. Revellin, J. R. Thome, A. Bejan, J. Bonjour. Constructal tree-shaped microchannel networks for maximizing the saturated critical heat flux
International Journal of Thermal Sciences 48, 2009, 342-352
H. Zhang, S- Lorente, A. Bejan. Vascularization with line-to-line trees in counterflow heat exchange. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 52, 2009, 4327-4342
A. Bejan, J. H. Marden. The constructal unification of biological and geophysical design. Physics of Life Reviews 6, 2009, 85-102
Y. S. Kim, S. Lorente, A. Bejan. Constructal steam generator architecture International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 52, 2009, 2362-2369
A. F. Miguel, A. Bejan. The principle that generates dissimilar patterns inside aggregates of organisms Physica A 388, 2009, 727-731
A. F. Miguel. Constructal theory of pedestrian dynamics Physics Letters A 373, 2009, 1734-1738
A. Koonsrisuk, S. Lorente, A. Bejan. Constructal solar chimney configuration.
International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 53, 2010, 327-333
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